Fever is one of the most common symptoms of various illnesses, but do you know exactly what it means and why it happens? Often, fever is seen as a problem, but in fact, it plays an important role in the immune system. In this article, we will explain what fever is, why the body raises its temperature, and how this mechanism protects us against infections.
What Is Fever?
Fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, usually above 37.5°C (99.5°F), as a response of the body to infections, inflammations, or other medical conditions. The brain, specifically the hypothalamus, is responsible for regulating body temperature and can raise this value when it detects a threat to health.Why Do We Have Fever?
Fever is an evolutionary response of the body to fight infectious agents like viruses and bacteria. During evolution, the body developed this mechanism because many of these bacteria and viruses cannot survive at elevated temperatures. Thus, by raising body temperature, the body creates a less favorable environment for the survival and multiplication of these microorganisms. Additionally, fever enhances the action of the immune system, making defense cells more efficient in fighting infections.How Does Fever Happen?
When the body detects the presence of a pathogen, immune system cells release substances called cytokines and prostaglandins, which send signals to the hypothalamus. In response, the hypothalamus raises the body’s “thermostat,” increasing the temperature. This happens through:- Vasoconstriction: Blood vessels in the skin contract to reduce heat loss.
- Muscle shivering: The body generates heat through muscle activity.
- Increased metabolism: The body works harder to produce heat.
Should We Immediately Fight Fever?
Since fever is a natural defense mechanism of the body, an important question arises: should we medicate a person and fight the fever as soon as it starts? Because many infections cannot survive at high temperatures, fever can be beneficial in helping the body eliminate pathogens. However, in some cases, very high temperatures can be risky, requiring a more careful approach.When Is Fever Concerning?
Although fever is a natural defense mechanism, very high temperatures can be dangerous. One should seek medical attention when:- Fever exceeds 39.5°C (103.1°F).
- There are symptoms like confusion, difficulty breathing, or seizures.
- Fever persists for more than three days without improvement.
How to Manage Fever?
In many cases, fever does not need to be treated as it is part of the immune response. However, some measures can help relieve discomfort:- Hydration: Drinking plenty of water prevents dehydration.
- Rest: The body needs energy to fight the infection.
- Lukewarm baths: Can help reduce body temperature without causing thermal shock.
- Medications: Antipyretics, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, can be used under medical guidance.
