The flu and the common cold are common respiratory illnesses, but many people still confuse the two. Although they share similar symptoms, the flu is more intense and can lead to serious complications. Additionally, many myths surround these infections, making prevention and proper treatment more difficult. In this article, we will clarify the differences between the flu and the common cold, debunk the main myths, and explain how to protect yourself.
Differences Between Flu and Cold
Although both are caused by viruses and affect the respiratory system, the flu and cold have important differences:| Characteristic | Flu (Influenza) | Cold |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Influenza virus | Various viruses, such as rhinoviruses |
| Onset | Fast and sudden | Gradual |
| Fever | High (above 38°C) | Rare or mild |
| Body aches | Severe | Mild |
| Cough | Dry and persistent | Mild to moderate |
| Nasal congestion | Occasional | Frequent |
| Fatigue | Severe and prolonged | Mild and temporary |
Myths About Flu and Cold
Many misconceptions circulate about these illnesses. Let’s clarify the most common myths:1. “Cold and Rain Cause Flu or Cold”
❌ Myth! Cold and rain do not cause these diseases. Transmission occurs through contact with the virus, which spreads via respiratory droplets. During winter, crowding in enclosed spaces facilitates virus spread.2. “Taking Antibiotics Cures Flu or Cold”
❌ Myth! These illnesses are caused by viruses, and antibiotics only work against bacteria. Improper use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance.3. “Vitamin C Prevents Flu and Cold”
❌ Myth! There is no scientific proof that vitamin C prevents viral infections. However, a balanced diet strengthens the immune system.4. “The Flu Vaccine Causes the Flu”
❌ Myth! The vaccine is made with inactivated viruses and cannot cause the disease. Side effects are mild, such as pain at the injection site.5. “If I Feel Fine, I Don’t Need the Vaccine”
❌ Myth! The vaccine is essential to prevent the flu and avoid complications. Since the virus frequently changes, vaccination should be done annually.Symptoms of Flu and Cold
Symptoms of these illnesses can be similar, but intensity is an important factor to differentiate them. Flu symptoms tend to be stronger and last longer.Main Symptoms of the Flu
- High fever (above 38°C)
- Chills
- Muscle aches
- Extreme tiredness
- Dry cough
- Sore throat
- Runny and stuffy nose
- Severe headache
Main Symptoms of the Cold
- Frequent sneezing
- Runny and stuffy nose
- Mild sore throat
- Moderate cough
- Mild malaise
- Rarely causes fever
How to Prevent Flu and Cold?
Prevention is the best way to avoid these infections:- Vaccination: The flu vaccine reduces the risk of complications and should be taken annually.
- Hand hygiene: Washing hands regularly prevents virus transmission.
- Avoid close contact with sick people: The virus spreads easily through the air and contaminated surfaces.
- Well-ventilated environments: Avoid closed spaces without air circulation to reduce infection risk.
- Healthy habits: Balanced diet, hydration, and good sleep strengthen immunity.
Treatment of Flu and Cold
There is no specific cure for the flu or cold, but some measures help relieve symptoms:- Rest: Rest is essential for recovery.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps relieve congestion and replace fluids lost through fever.
- Symptomatic medication: Painkillers and antipyretics can be used to relieve fever and pain.
- Nebulizations and inhalations: Help to clear the respiratory tract.
